21Sc44.95591
Scandium
Transition Metal
Solid at STP
Period 4Group 3Block DDiscovered 1879
[Ar]4s2 3d1
Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.
📖 Read more on Wikipedia →Atomic Properties
| Atomic Number | 21 |
| Atomic Mass | 44.95591 u |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar]4s2 3d1 |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.36 (Pauling) |
| Atomic Radius | 211 pm |
| Ionization Energy | 6.561 eV |
| Electron Affinity | 0.188 eV |
| Block | D |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | silvery white |
| Standard State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 1814 K (1540.8 °C) |
| Boiling Point | 3109 K (2835.8 °C) |
| Density | 2.99 g/cm³ |
| Molar Heat | 25.52 J/(mol·K) |
| CPK Color | #E6E6E6 |
Classification
| Category | Transition Metal |
| Group Block | Transition metal |
| Period | 4 |
| Group | 3 |
| Block | D |
Discovery
| Year Discovered | 1879 |
| Discovered By | Lars Fredrik Nilson |
| Electron Shells | 2, 8, 9, 2 |