15P30.97376200
Phosphorus
Nonmetal
Solid at STP
Period 3Group 15Block PDiscovered 1669
[Ne]3s2 3p3
Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Instead phosphorus-containing minerals are almost always present in their maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks.
📖 Read more on Wikipedia →Atomic Properties
| Atomic Number | 15 |
| Atomic Mass | 30.97376200 u |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne]3s2 3p3 |
| Oxidation States | +5, +3, -3 |
| Electronegativity | 2.19 (Pauling) |
| Atomic Radius | 180 pm |
| Ionization Energy | 10.487 eV |
| Electron Affinity | 0.746 eV |
| Block | P |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black |
| Standard State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 317.3 K (44.2 °C) |
| Boiling Point | 553.65 K (280.5 °C) |
| Density | 1.82 g/cm³ |
| Molar Heat | 23.824 J/(mol·K) |
| CPK Color | #FF8000 |
Classification
| Category | Nonmetal |
| Group Block | Nonmetal |
| Period | 3 |
| Group | 15 |
| Block | P |
Discovery
| Year Discovered | 1669 |
| Discovered By | Hennig Brand |
| Electron Shells | 2, 8, 5 |