32Ge72.63
Germanium
Metalloid
Solid at STP
Period 4Group 14Block PDiscovered 1886
[Ar]4s2 3d10 4p2
Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon.
📖 Read more on Wikipedia →Atomic Properties
| Atomic Number | 32 |
| Atomic Mass | 72.63 u |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar]4s2 3d10 4p2 |
| Oxidation States | +4, +2 |
| Electronegativity | 2.01 (Pauling) |
| Atomic Radius | 211 pm |
| Ionization Energy | 7.9 eV |
| Electron Affinity | 1.35 eV |
| Block | P |
Physical Properties
| Appearance | grayish-white |
| Standard State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 1211.4 K (938.3 °C) |
| Boiling Point | 3106 K (2832.8 °C) |
| Density | 5.323 g/cm³ |
| Molar Heat | 23.222 J/(mol·K) |
| CPK Color | #668F8F |
Classification
| Category | Metalloid |
| Group Block | Metalloid |
| Period | 4 |
| Group | 14 |
| Block | P |
Discovery
| Year Discovered | 1886 |
| Discovered By | Clemens Winkler |
| Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 4 |